Verbs
Imperfective
Structures
(continued)
Conjugation of Irregular Verbs
For description of irregular verb types,
you may go here
1) Doubled Verbs
Doubled verbs are
verbs that end with a shadda(t),
which indicates doubled consonants
without a vowel in between.
The imperfective doubled
verbs will need to be restored to their original forms in the feminine
plural conjugations.
A point we made when we
defined the doubled verbs is that there are two types of them;
ones that have an omitted short
vowel from between the doubled letters (-CvCvC → -CvCC,
most of the verb forms) and ones that have a
displaced-back short vowel (-CCvC → -CvCC,
only forms I, IV, X & QIV in
the imperfective).
This distinction is important in the imperfective because this vowel we are
talking about is the changeable green short
vowel of the imperfective structure.
For the doubled verbs with
an omitted short vowel, there will not be a green short
vowel in the imperfective because it is omitted. It will appear only when
we restore the verbs to their original forms in the feminine plural
conjugations.
For the doubled verbs with
a displaced-back short vowel, there will be a green short
vowel but it will be displaced back in the structure. It will move
back to its original position only when we restore the verb to its
original form in the feminine plural conjugations.
Example, the form VIII
verb:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
اِشْتَدَدَ |
اِشْتَدَّ |
|
'ishtadad(a) |
'ishtadd(a) |
|
(He) intensified (intr.)
|
A form VIII verb is a
Ya-i
verb. However, when this verb is
turned into an imperfective, there will be no chance for the green short
vowel to show itself because it is deleted:
|
Original
Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
يَشْتَدِدُ |
يَشْتَدُّ |
|
yashtadid(u) |
yashtadd(u) |
|
(He)
intensifies (intr.) |
The full conjugation:
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
اِشْتَدَّ :
اِفْتَعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) intensify |
'ashtadd(u) |
أَشْتَدُّ
|
|
(You masc.) intensify |
tashtadd(u) |
تَشْتَدُّ |
|
(You fem.) intensify |
tashtaddeen(a) |
تَشْتَدِّيْنَ |
|
(He) intensifies |
yashtadd(u) |
يَشْتَدُّ |
|
(She) intensifies |
tashtadd(u) |
تَشْتَدُّ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) intensify |
tashtaddaan(i) |
تَشْتََدَّاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) intensify |
yashtaddaan(i) |
يَشْتَدَّاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) intensify |
tashtaddaan(i) |
تَشْتََدَّاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) intensify |
nashtadd(u) |
نَشْتَدُّ |
|
(You masc.) intensify |
tashtaddoon(a) |
تَشْتَدُّوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) intensify |
tashtadidn(a) |
تَشْتَدِدْنَ |
|
(They masc.) intensify |
yashtaddoon(a) |
يَشْتَدُّوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) intensify |
yashtadidn(a) |
يَشْتَدِدْنَ |
The verb stem is restored
to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations to prevent the
formation of three-consonant clusters (ddn).
This will be the
conjugation for all the forms that can be doubled verbs except forms I, IV, X & QIV.
For these, the green vowel is displaced not deleted, so it will show up.
Example, a form IV verb:
|
Original
Form |
Doubled
Verb |
|
أَحْبَبَ |
أَحَبَّ |
|
'ahbab(a) |
'ahabb(a) |
|
(He)
loved/liked |
A form IV verb is a
Yu-i
verb.
|
Original
Form |
Doubled
Verb |
|
يُحْبِبُ |
يُحِبُّ |
|
yuhbib(u) |
yuhibb(u) |
|
(He)
loves/likes |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
أَحَبَّ :
أَفْعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) love |
'uhibb(u) |
أُحِبُّ |
|
(You masc.) love |
tuhibb(u) |
تُحِبُّ |
|
(You fem.) love |
tuhibbeen(a) |
تُحِبِّيْنَ |
|
(He) loves |
yuhibb(u) |
يُحِبُّ |
|
(She) loves |
tuhibb(u) |
تُحِبُّ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) love |
tuhibbaan(i) |
تُحِبَّاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) love |
yuhibbaan(i) |
يُحِبَّاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) love |
tuhibbaan(i) |
تُحِبَّاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) love |
nuhibb(u) |
نُحِبُّ |
|
(You masc.) love |
tuhibboon(a) |
تُحِبُّوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) love |
tuhbibn(a) |
تُحْبِبْنَ |
|
(They masc.) love |
yuhibboon(a) |
يُحِبُّوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) love |
yuhbibn(a) |
يُحْبِبْنَ |
The verb stem is restored
to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations.
►Form I Doubled Verbs
Perfective form I doubled verbs have an
omitted short vowel.
|
fa"al(a) |
|
|
|
fa"il(a) |
→ |
fa"l(a) |
|
fa"ul(a) |
|
|
However, if we were to omit the vowel in
the imperfective, we would get the following:
|
yaf"al(u) |
|
|
|
yaf"il(u) |
→ |
yaf"l(u) |
|
yaf"ul(u) |
|
|
Because the
a
between the first two root-letters is deleted
in the imperfective, we would get
yaf"l(u)
which contains a three-consonant cluster that is unpronounceable.
Therefore, they had to keep the green short
vowel in these verbs, but since the resultant structure contained
-CCvC, like
forms
IV, X & QIV,
they treated it in a similar manner and displaced the green vowel back
-CCvC → -CvCC.
|
yaf"al(u) |
|
yafa"l(u) |
|
yaf"il(u) |
→ |
yafi"l(u) |
|
yaf"ul(u) |
|
yafu"l(u) |
Example, the verb:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
عَدَدَ |
عَدَّ |
|
"adad(a) |
"add(a) |
|
(He) counted |
This is an
u
verb, it will become:
|
Original Form |
Doubled Verb |
|
يَعْدُدُ |
يَعُدُّ |
|
ya"dud(u) |
ya"udd(u) |
|
(He) counts |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
عَدَّ :
فَعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I)
count |
'a"udd(u) |
أَعُدُّ |
|
(You masc.) count |
ta"udd(u) |
تَعُدُّ |
|
(You fem.) count |
ta"uddeen(a) |
تَعُدِّيْنَ |
|
(He) counts |
ya"udd(u) |
يَعُدُّ |
|
(She) counts |
ta"udd(u) |
تَعُدُّ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) count |
ta"uddaan(i) |
تَعُدَّاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) count |
ya"uddaan(i) |
يَعُدَّاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) count |
ta"uddaan(i) |
تَعُدَّاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.)
count |
na"udd(u) |
نَعُدُّ |
|
(You masc.) count |
ta"uddoon(a) |
تَعُدُّوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) count |
ta"dudn(a) |
تعْدُدْنَ |
|
(They masc.) count |
ya"uddoon(a) |
يَعُدُّوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) count |
ya"dudn(a) |
يَعْدُدْنَ |
The verb stem is restored
to its original form in the feminine plural conjugations.
Thus, form I doubled verbs
change from verbs with an omitted vowel in the perfective to verbs with a
displaced-back vowel in the imperfective.
Note that imperfective
form I doubled verbs are mostly
u
verb. There are few that are
i
or
a
verbs and most of these are classical verbs.
Some
a
and
i
verbs:
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
|
yazall(u) |
يَظَلُّ |
zall(a) |
ظَلَّ |
|
(he) remains/stays |
(he) remained/stayed |
|
yamall(u) |
يَمَلًُّ |
mall(a) |
مَلَّ |
|
(he) becomes bored |
(he) became bored |
|
yakall(u) |
يَكَلَّ
|
kall(a) |
كَلَّ |
|
(he)
becomes worn out |
(he) became worn
out |
|
yafirr(u) |
يَفِرَّ |
farr(a) |
فَرَّ |
|
(he)
escapes |
(he)
escaped |
|
yakhiff(u) |
يَخِفُّ |
khaff(a) |
خَفَّ |
|
(he) becomes light |
(he) was/became
light |
|
yaqill(u) |
يَقِلُّ |
qall(a) |
قَلَّ |
|
(he/it)
becomes few/little |
(he/it)
was/became few/little |
|
yahinn(u) |
يَحِنَّ |
hann(a) |
حَنَّ |
|
(he)
yearns |
(he)
yearned |
|
yarinn(u) |
يَرِنَّ |
rann(a) |
رَنَّ |
|
(he)
rings |
(he)
rang |
|
ya'inn(u) |
يَئِنَّ |
'ann(a) |
أَنَّ |
|
(he) moans |
(he) moaned |
More examples of
i
verbs:
|
Yaf"il(u)→
yafi"l(u) |
|
شَبَّ |
حَرَّ |
جَلَّ |
شَذَّ |
خَرَّ
|
|
شَطَّ |
شَحَّ |
فَحَّ |
حَبَّ |
جَدَّ |
|
|
|
نَسَّ |
دَمَّ |
دَرَّ |
|
Conjugation of Doubled Verbs |
|
Perfective |
Imperfective |
|
1st person |
untie |
1st person |
don't untie |
|
2nd person |
untie |
2nd person |
untie
only with the feminine plural |
|
3rd person |
untie
only with the feminine plural |
3rd person |
untie
only with the feminine plural |
|
Conjugation of Doubled Verbs |
|
Perfective |
Imperfective |
|
Forms I, VII, VIII, IX & XI |
omitted short vowel |
Forms VII, VIII, IX & XI |
omitted short vowel |
|
Forms IV, X & QIV |
displaced-back short vowel |
Forms I, IV, X & QIV |
displaced-back short vowel |
2)
Mithaal
Verbs
Mithaal verbs
are verbs whose first original letter is a weak letter.
These verbs
conjugate regularly in the perfective. In the imperfective, they conjugate
regularly in all the forms but
forms I & IV.
In these two forms, the conjugation can be regular or irregular depending
on whether
the first original letter is
y
or
w.
►Form I
Mithaal
Verbs
Form I
Mithaal verbs
whose first
original is
y
conjugate regularly. These verbs are rare.
Example:
يَبِسَ
yabis(a)
(he) dried up, hardened
(intr.)
|
(He) hardened |
yabis(a) |
يَبِسَ
|
|
(He) hardens |
yaybas(u) |
يَيْبَسُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
يَبِسَ :
فََعِلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) harden |
'aybas(u) |
أَيْبَسُ |
|
(You masc.) harden |
taybas(u) |
تَيْبَسُ |
|
(You fem.) harden |
taybaseen(a) |
تَيْبَسِيْنَ |
|
(He) hardens |
yaybas(u) |
يَيْبَسُ |
|
(She) hardens |
taybas(u) |
تَيْبَسُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) harden |
taybasaan(i) |
تَيْبَسَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) harden |
yaybasaan(i) |
يَيْبَسَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) harden |
taybasaan(i) |
تَيْبَسَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) harden |
naybas(u) |
نَيْبَسُ |
|
(You masc.) harden |
taybasoon(a) |
تَيْبَسُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) harden |
taybasn(a) |
تيْبَسْنَ |
|
(They masc.) harden |
yaybasoon(a) |
يَيْبَسُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) harden |
yaybasn(a) |
يَيْبَسْنَ |
Form I
Mithaal verbs
whose first
original is
w
will lose the
w
in the imperfective if the green vowel of the imperfective is
i
. If the vowel is
a
,
it will mostly be kept except in some verbs whose second or third
root-letters are guttural or throat letters. If the green vowel is
u,
the
w
will not be lost.
I.
i
Verbs
These are the most common
of Mithaal
verbs. The
w
of these verbs will be always lost.
Example:
وَجَدَ
wajad(a)
(he) found
|
(He) found |
wajad(a) |
وَجَدَ
|
|
(He) finds |
yawjid(u) |
يَوْجِدُ |
|
(He) finds |
yajid(u) |
يَجِدُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
وَجَدَ :
فَعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) find |
'ajid(u) |
أَجِدُ |
|
(You masc.) find |
tajid(u) |
تَجِدُ |
|
(You fem.) find |
tajideen(a) |
تَجِدِيْنَ |
|
(He) finds |
yajid(u) |
يَجِدُ |
|
(She) finds |
tajid(u) |
تَجِدُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) find |
tajidaan(i) |
تَجِدَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) find |
yajidaan(i) |
يَجِدَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) find |
tajidaan(i) |
تَجِدَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) find |
najid(u) |
نَجِدُ |
|
(You masc.) find |
tajidoon(a) |
تَجِدُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) find |
tajidn(a) |
تَجِدْنَ |
|
(They masc.) find |
yajidoon(a) |
يَجِدُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) find |
yajidn(a) |
يَجِدْنَ |
Try conjugating the
following
i
verb:
وَعَدَ
wa"ad(a)
(He)
promised
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
وَعَدَ :
فَعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I)
promise |
'a"id(u) |
أَعِدُ |
|
(You masc.) promise |
ta"id(u) |
تَعِدُ |
|
(You fem.) promise |
ta"ideen(a) |
تَعِدِيْنَ |
|
(He) promises |
ya"id(u) |
يَعِدُ |
|
(She) promises |
ta"id(u) |
تَعِدُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You) promise |
ta"idaan(i) |
تَعِدَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.)
promise |
ya"idaan(i) |
يَعِدَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) promise |
ta"idaan(i) |
تَعِدَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.)
promise |
na"id(u) |
نَعِدُ |
|
(You masc.) promise |
ta"idoon(a) |
تَعِدُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) promise |
ta"idn(a) |
تَعِدْنَ |
|
(They masc.)
promise |
ya"idoon(a) |
يَعِدُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) promise |
ya"idn(a) |
يَعِدْنَ |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
|
ya"id(u) |
يَعِدُ |
wa"ad(a) |
وَعَدَ |
|
(he) promises |
(he) promised |
|
yasif(u) |
يَصِفُ |
wasaf(a) |
وَصَفَ |
|
(he) describes |
(he) described |
|
yasil(u) |
يَصِلُ |
wasal(a) |
وَصَلَ |
|
(he) arrives
(he) connects |
(he) arrived
(he) connected |
|
yaqif(u) |
يَقِفُ |
waqaf(a) |
وَقَفَ |
|
(he) stands up
(he) stops |
(he) stood up
(he) stopped |
|
yathiq(u) |
يَثِقُ |
wathiq(a) |
وَثِقَ |
|
(he) trusts (intr.) |
(he) trusted (intr.) |
|
yajib(u) |
يَجِبُ |
wajab(a) |
وَجَبَ |
|
(he)
becomes necessary
Fr. il faut |
(he) was/became
necessary
Fr. il fallait |
II.
a
Verbs
The
w
will be kept in the majority of these verbs. However, the verbs that are
commonly used in modern Arabic are usually ones in which the
w
will be lost (verbs like put, fall, tread, and bestow).
Example, a classical verb:
وَجِلَ
wajil(a)
(he) was/became afraid
|
(He) became afraid |
wajil(a)
|
وَجِلَ
|
|
(He) becomes afraid |
yawjal(u) |
يَوْجَلُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
وَجِلَ :
فَعِلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) become afraid |
'awjal(u) |
أَوْجَلُ |
|
(You masc.) become afraid |
tawjal(u) |
تَوْجَلُ |
|
(You fem.) become afraid |
tawjaleen(a) |
تَوْجَلِيْنَ |
|
(He) becomes afraid |
yawjal(u) |
يَوْجَلُ |
|
(She) becomes afraid |
tawjal(u) |
تَوْجَلُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) become afraid |
tawjalaan(i) |
تَوْجَلانِ |
|
(They masc.) become afraid |
yawjalaan(i) |
يَوْجَلانِ |
|
(They fem.) become afraid |
tawjalaan(i) |
تَوْجَلانِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) become afraid |
nawjal(u) |
نَوْجَلُ |
|
(You masc.) become afraid |
tawjaloon(a) |
تَوْجَلُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) become afraid |
tawjaln(a) |
تَوْجَلْنَ |
|
(They masc.) become afraid |
yawjaloon(a) |
يَوْجَلُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) become afraid |
yawjaln(a) |
يَوْجَلْنَ |
A basic
verb of formal Arabic is the verb "to put:"
وَضَعَ
wada"(a)
(he)
put
|
(He) put |
wada"(a) |
وَضَعَ
|
|
(He) puts |
yawda"(u) |
يَوْضَعُ |
|
(He) puts |
yada"(u) |
يَضَعُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ
الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active
Voice)
وَضَعَ :
فَعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I)
put |
'ada"(u) |
أَضَعُ |
|
(You masc.) put |
tada"(u) |
تَضَعُ |
|
(You fem.) put |
tada"een(a) |
تَضَعِيْنَ |
|
(He) puts |
yada"(u) |
يَضَعُ |
|
(She) puts |
tada"(u) |
تَضَعُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) put |
tada"aan(i) |
تَضَعَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) put |
yada"aan(i) |
يَضَعَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) put |
tada"aan(i) |
تَضَعَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) put |
nada"(u) |
نَضَعُ |
|
(You masc.) put |
tada"oon(a) |
تَضَعُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) put |
tada"n(a) |
تَضَعْنَ |
|
(They masc.) put |
yada"oon(a) |
يَضَعُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) put |
yada"n(a) |
يَضَعْنَ |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
|
yaqa"(u) |
يَقَعَ |
waqa"(a) |
وَقَعَ |
|
(he)
falls
|
(he)
fell
|
|
yata'(u) |
يَطَأُ |
wati'(a) |
وَطِئَ |
|
(he)
treads |
(he)
treaded |
|
yahab(u) |
يَهَبَ |
wahab(a) |
وَهَبَ |
|
(he)
bestows
|
(he)
bestowed
|
|
yawja"(u) |
يَوْجَعُ |
waji"(a) |
وَجِعَ |
|
(he)
hurts |
(he)
hurt, caused pain |
|
yawhal(u) |
يَوْحَلُ |
wahil(a) |
وَحِلَ |
|
(he)
becomes muddy |
(he)
became muddy |
The
a
verbs that will lose the
w
are the following:
|
Yaw"al(u)→
ya"al(u) |
|
وَطِئَ |
وَضَعَ |
وَسِعَ |
وَذَرَ |
وَدَعَ |
|
وَلَغَ |
وَزَعَ |
وَلَعَ |
وَهَبَ |
وَقَعَ |
III.
u
Verbs
These are rare verbs.
وَشُكَ
washuk(a)
(he)
was/became about to
|
(He) was
about to |
washuk(a) |
وَشُكَ
|
|
(He) is about to |
yawshuk(u) |
يَوْشُكُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
وَشُكَ :
فَعُلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) am about to |
'awshuk(u) |
أَوْشُكُ |
|
(You masc.) are about to |
tawshuk(u) |
تَوْشُكُ |
|
(You fem.) are about to |
tawshukeen(a) |
تَوْشُكِيْنَ |
|
(He) is about to |
yawshuk(u) |
يَوْشُكُ |
|
(She) is about to |
tawshuk(u) |
تَوْشُكُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) are about to |
tawshukaan(i) |
تَوْشُكَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) are about to |
yawshukaan(i) |
يَوْشُكَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) are about to |
tawshukaan(i) |
تَوْشُكَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) are about to |
nawshuk(u) |
نَوْشُكُ |
|
(You masc.) are about to |
tawshukoon(a) |
تَوْشُكُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) are about to |
tawshukn(a) |
تَوْشُكْنَ |
|
(They masc.) are about to |
yawshukoon(a) |
يَوْشُكُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) are about to |
yawshukn(a) |
يَوْشُكْنَ |
►Form IV
Mithaal
Verbs
Form IV
Mithaal verbs
whose first
original is
w
conjugate regularly.
Example:
أَوَشَكَ
'awshak(a)
(he)
was/became about to
|
(He) was about to |
'awshak(a) |
أَوْشَكَ
|
|
(He) is about to |
yuwshik(u)
=
yooshik(u) |
يُوْشِكُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
أَوْشَكَ :
أَفْعَلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I) am about to |
'uwshik(u) |
أُوْشِكُ |
|
(You masc.) are about to |
tuwshik(u) |
تُوْشِكُ |
|
(You fem.) are about to |
tuwshikeen(a) |
تُوْشِكِيْنَ |
|
(He) is about to |
yuwshik(u) |
يُوْشِكُ |
|
(She) is about to |
tuwshik(u) |
تُوْشِكُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) are about to |
tuwshikaan(i) |
تُوْشِكَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) are about to |
yuwshikaan(i) |
يُوْشِكَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) are about to |
tuwshikaan(i) |
تُوْشِكَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) are about to |
nuwshik(u) |
نُوْشِكُ |
|
(You masc.) are about to |
tuwshikoon(a) |
تُوْشِكُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) are about to |
tuwshikn(a) |
تُوْشِكْنَ |
|
(They masc.) are about to |
yuwshikoon(a) |
يُوْشِكُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) are about to |
yuwshikn(a) |
يُوْشِكْنَ |
The
y
of form
IV
Mithaal verbs
will become
w
in the imperfective due to
a phonological reason.
Example:
أَيْقَنَ
'ayqan(a)
(he)
was/became certain
|
(He) became certain |
'ayqan(a) |
أَيْقَنَ
|
|
(He) becomes certain |
yuyqin(u) |
يُيْقِنُ |
|
(He) becomes certain |
yuwqin(u)
= yooqin(u) |
يُوْقِنُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
أَيْقَنَ :
أَفْـعَـلَ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I)
become certain |
'uwqin(u) |
أُوْقِنُ |
|
(You masc.) become
certain |
tuwqin(u) |
تُوْقِنُ |
|
(You fem.) become
certain |
tuwqineen(a) |
تُوْقِنِيْنَ |
|
(He) becomes
certain |
yuwqin(u) |
يُوْقِنُ |
|
(She) becomes
certain |
tuwqin(u) |
تُوْقِنُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You masc.) become
certain |
tuwqinaan(i) |
تُوْقِنَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) become
certain |
yuwqinaan(i) |
يُوْقِنَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) become
certain |
tuwqinaan(i) |
تُوْقِنَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.)
become certain |
nuwqin(u) |
نُوْقِنُ |
|
(You masc.) become
certain |
tuwqinoon(a) |
تُوْقِنُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) become
certain |
tuwqinn(a) |
تُوْقِنَّ |
|
(They masc.) become
certain |
yuwqinoon(a) |
يُوْقِنُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) become
certain |
yuwqinn(a) |
يُوْقِنَّ |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
|
yuwqiz(u) |
يُوْقِظُ |
'ayqaz(a) |
أَيْقَظَ |
|
(he) wakes up (tr.) |
(he) woke up (tr.) |
|
yuwni"(u) |
يُوْنِعُ |
'ayna"(a) |
أَيْنَعَ |
|
(he) ripens (intr.) |
(he) ripened (intr.) |
|
yuw'is(u) |
يُوْئِسُ |
'ay'as(a) |
أَيْأَسَ |
|
(he) makes desperate |
(he) made desperate |
►Form VIII
Mithaal
Verbs
Whether
w
or
y,
the first original letter of a form
VIII
Mithaal verb
will become a
t
in all the verbs and verbids derived from the root, including perfective
and imperfective verbs, participles, verbal nouns, etc.
This transition was explained in this page.
Example:
اِتَّسَعَ
'ittasa"(a)
(He)
had room
(He) became roomy(er)
The root is
:
و س ع
W
S "o
|
(He)
had room |
'ittasa"(a) |
اِتَّسَعَ |
|
(He) has room |
yattasi"(u) |
يَتَّسِعُ |
|
|
المُضَاْرِعُ الْمَرْفُوْعُ
Indicative Imperfective
(Active Voice)
اِتَّسَعَ
: اِفْتَعَلََ |
|
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R |
(I)
have room |
'attasi"(u) |
أَتَّسِعُ |
|
(You masc.) have
room |
tattasi"(u) |
تَتَّسِعُ |
|
(You fem.) have
room |
tattasi"een(a) |
تَتَّسِعِيْنَ |
|
(He) has rooms
|
yattasi"(u) |
يَتَّسِعُ |
|
(She) has rooms |
tattasi"(u) |
تَتَّسِعُ |
|
D
U
A
L |
(You) have room |
tattasi"aan(i) |
تَتَّسِعَاْنِ |
|
(They masc.) have
room |
yattasi"aan(i) |
يَتَّسِعَاْنِ |
|
(They fem.) have
room |
tattasi"aan(i) |
تَتَّسِعَاْنِ |
|
P
L
U
R
A
L |
(We dual/plu.) have
room |
nattasi"(u) |
نَتَّسِعُ |
|
(You masc.) have
room |
tattasi"oon(a) |
تَتَّسِعُوْنَ |
|
(You fem.) have
room |
tattasi"n(a) |
تَتَّسِعْنَ |
|
(They masc.) have
room |
yattasi"oon(a) |
يَتَّسِعُوْنَ |
|
(They fem.) have
room |
yattasi"n(a) |
يَتَّسِعْنَ |
|
Mithaal
Verb Conjugation
|
|
Form |
Perfective |
Imperfective |
|
I |
waf?l(a) |
yafil(u) |
|
yafal(u)
rare |
|
yawfal(u)
rarer in modern standard Arabic |
|
yawful(u)
rarest |
|
yaf?l(a) |
yayf?l(u) |
|
IV |
'awfal(a) |
yuwfil(u) |
|
'ayfal(a) |
|
VIII |
'iwta"al(a)
→
'itta"al(a) |
yatta"ill(u) |
|
'iyta"al(a)
→
'itta"al(a) |
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