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Sound Masculine Plural Nouns Irregular Perfective Conjugation Irregular Imperfective Conjugation Inactive Particles Vocative Particles Praise & Disparagement Participle-like Adjectives Place-nouns Tool-nouns Diminutives
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To Have
Arabic and Semitic languages in general do not have a verb "to have" like the English one. There is a verb "to own" but not a verb "to have."
The meaning "to have" is expressed in Arabic by a variety of prepositions. The simplest of which are the following particle-prepositions:
N.B. these particles can have other meanings. The meanings mentioned here are the ones related to the subject of this page. See prepositions for more information. For information on how to add pronouns to different particles, you may click here. Examples: لِيْ خَمْسَةُ أَوْلادٍ l-ee khamsa(tu) 'awlaad(in) = for me five (of) children (are) Translation: I have (got) five children
لَهُ مَاْلٌ عَظِيْمٌ la-h(u) maal(un) "azeem(un) = for him a money/fortune a great (is) Translation: he has (got) a great fortune
بِهِ دَاْءٌ عُضَاْلٌ bi-h(i) daa'(un) "udaal(un) = in/with him a disease a malignant (is) Translation: he has (got) a malignant disease
مَاْ مَعَكَ ؟ maa ma"a-k(a) = what with you (is) Translation: what is with you? what do you have? what have you got? what are you carrying?
جَاْءَ وَمَعَهُ سَيْفٌ كَبِيْرٌ jaa'(a) wa-ma"a-h(u) sayf(un) kabeer(un) = (he) came and with him a sword a large (is) Translation: he came with a large sword he came carrying a large sword
The other, more important, way to express possession is by using noun-prepositions. The following are the ones usually used:
These two words do not have exact matches in English, although they are somewhat close in meaning to the preposition "at." They can be used for place, and here they will mean something close to the French word chez . They also can be used for time, and will mean there something close to "at" like in "at the sunset" or "at 8 o'clock." These noun-prepositions will be used only to form genitive constructions, and the nouns following them will be always in the genitive or 'al-jarr case. The two words themselves will be always in the accusative or 'an-nasb case (the case of the noun-prepositions) unless they where preceded by a particle-preposition (ablative particle), in which case they should be in the ablative case ('al-jarr). Examples: عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ خَمْسَةُ إِخْوَةٍ "ind(a) muhammad(in) khamsa(tu) 'ikhwat(in) = (at the) place (of) Muhammad (are) five (of) brothers Translation: Muhammad has (got) five brothers
لَدَىْ الْمُعَلِّمِ صَبْرٌ كَثِيْرٌ ladaa ('a)l-mu"allim(i) sabr(un) katheer(un) = (at the) place (of) the teacher a patience a plentiful (is) Translation: the teacher has (got) a lot of patience
Examples of the two noun-prepositions where they are not denoting possession: سَقَطَتِ الْكُرَةُ عِنْدَ الْجِيْرَاْنِ saqatat(i) ('a)l-kura(tu) "ind(a) ('a)l-jeeraan(i) = fell the ball (at the) place (of) the neighbors Translation: the ball fell into the neighbors'
وَصَلْنَاْ عِنْدَ شُرُوْقِ الْشَّمْسِ wasalnaa "ind(a) shurooq(i) ('a)sh-shams(i) = (we) arrived (at the) time (of) (the) rise (of) the sun Translation: we arrived at the time of the sunrise
وَجَدْتُ الْكِتَاْبَ لَدَىْ سُعَاْدٍ wajadt(u) ('a)l-kitaab(a) ladaa su"aad(in) = (I) found the book (at the) place (of) Su'ad Translation: I found the book with Su'ad
وَصَلُوْاْ لَدَىْ اِنْتِهَاْءِ الحَفْلِ wasaloo ladaa ('i)ntihaa'(i) ('a)l-hafl(i) = (they) arrived (at the) time (of) (the) ending (of) the ceremony Translation: they arrived at the end of the ceremony
These two noun-prepositions are often attached to object pronouns. Examples: عِنْدِيْ خَمْسَةُ إِخْوَةٍ "ind-ee khamsa(tu) 'ikhwat(in) = (at the) place (of) me five (of) brothers (are) Translation: I have (got) five brothers
لَدَيَّ خَمْسَةُ إِخْوَةٍ laday-y(a) khamsa(tu) 'ikhwat(in) = (at the) place (of) me five (of) brothers (are) Translation: I have (got) five brothers
Here is a scheme for the attachment of object pronouns to preposition "ind(a).
Attachment of object pronouns to preposition ladaa will be a bit different. Here, we will change the final -aa first to -ay. The first person singular pronoun will be changed from -ee to -y(a), and also, the 3rd person pronouns will have some changes in vowels. These steps are like when adding pronouns to particle-prepositions 'ilaa and "alaa explained in this page.
More examples: زَوْجَتِيْ عِنْدَهَاْ خَمْسَةُ إِخْوَةٍ zawjat-ee "inda-haa khamsa(tu) 'ikhwat(in) = (the) wife (of) me (at the) place (of) her five (of) brothers (are) Translation: my wife has (got) five brothers
جَاْرُنَاْ لَدَيْهِ شَاْحِنَةٌ jaaru-naa laday-h(i) shaahina(tun) = (the) neighbor (of) us (at the) place (of) him a truck (is) Translation: our neighbor has (got)/owns a truck
Finally, there might be some other nouns or styles that are used to express possession, but they are certainly not as important as the ones mentioned above. Probably the one word that should be added is:
حَوْزَةٌ
hawza(tun) possession, territory
Example: بِحَوْزَتِيْ خَمْسَةُ كُتُبٍ bi-hawzat-ee khamsa(tu) kutub(in) = in (the) possession (of) me five (of) books (are) Translation: I have (got) five books
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