Particles to which object
pronouns can be attached are two types, the verb-like particles, which we
already talked about, and the ablative particles.
The ablative particles
حُرُوْفُ الجَرِّare prepositions. Pronouns attached to them
will be, just like any other noun after an
ablative particle, in the
ablative case or
'aj-jarr.
Examples:
Particle:
bi-بِـ=
in / by / with
Meaning
Example
in / by / with me
b-ee
بِيْ
in / by / with you (sing. masc.)
bi-k(a)
بِكَ
in / by / with you (sing. fem.)
bi-k(i)
بِكِ
in / by / with him
bi-h(i)
بِهِ
in / by / with her
bi-haa
بِهَاْ
in / by / with them (dual)
bi-kumaa
بِكُمَاْ
in / by / with them (dual)
bi-himaa
بِهِمَاْ
in / by / with us
bi-naa
بِنَاْ
in / by / with you (plu. masc.)
bi-kum
بِكُمْ
in / by / with you (plu. fem.)
bi-kunn(a)
بِكُنَّ
in / by / with them (plu. masc.)
bi-him
بِهِمْ
in / by / with them (plu. fem.)
bi-hinn(a)
بِهِنَّ
Remember that the
hu
of 3rd person pronouns must be turned to
hi
when the pronoun is preceded by one of the sounds:
-i
,
-ee ,or
-ay .
Another example:
Particle:
fee فِيْ= in
Meaning
Example
in me
fee-y(a)
فِيَّ
in you (sing. masc.)
fee-k(a)
فِيْكَ
in you (sing. fem.)
fee-k(i)
فِيْكِ
in him
fee-h(i)
فِيْهِ
in her
fee-haa
فِيْهَاْ
in them (dual)
fee-kumaa
فِيْكُمَاْ
in them (dual)
fee-himaa
فِيْهِمَاْ
in us
fee-naa
فِيْنَاْ
in you (plu. masc.)
fee-kum
فِيْكُمْ
in you (plu. fem.)
fee-kunn(a)
فِيْكُنَّ
in them (plu. masc.)
fee-him
فِيْهِمْ
in them (plu. fem.)
fee-hinn(a)
فِيْهِنَّ
We mentioned before that the two particles
(مِنْ&عَنْ)
will be attached to the
-nee
form of the first person singular object pronoun.
From
me
min-nee
مِنِّيْ
About
me
"an-nee
عَنِّيْ
Particle:
min مِنْ= from
Meaning
Example
From me
min-nee
مِنِّيْ
From you (sing. masc.)
min-k(a)
مِنْكَ
From you (sing. fem.)
min-k(i)
مِنْكِ
From him
min-h(u)
مِنْهُ
From her
min-haa
مِنْهَاْ
From them (dual)
min-kumaa
مِنْكُمَاْ
From them (dual)
min-humaa
مِنْهُمَاْ
From us
min-naa
مِنَّاْ
From you (plu. masc.)
min-kum
مِنْكُمْ
From you (plu. fem.)
min-kunn(a)
مِنْكُنَّ
From them (plu. masc.)
min-hum
مِنْهُمْ
From them (plu. fem.)
min-hunn(a)
مِنْهُنَّ
Particle:
"an عَنْ= about
Meaning
Example
About me
"an-nee
عَنِّيْ
About you (sing. masc.)
"an-k(a)
عَنْكَ
About you (sing. fem.)
"an-k(i)
عَنْكِ
About him
"an-h(u)
عَنْهُ
About her
"an-haa
عَنْهَاْ
About them (dual)
"an-kumaa
عَنْكُمَاْ
About them (dual)
"an-humaa
عَنْهُمَاْ
About us
"an-naa
عَنَّاْ
About you (plu. masc.)
"an-kum
عَنْكُمْ
About you (plu. fem.)
"an-kunn(a)
عَنْكُنَّ
About them (plu. masc.)
"an-hum
عَنْهُمْ
About them (plu. fem.)
"an-hunn(a)
عَنْهُنَّ
The two particles
إِلَىْ
&
عَلَىْ will
require modification when attached to object pronouns. The last long vowel
'alif-aa
(a.k.a shortened
'alif ) will be changed to
-ay
when attaching the pronoun.
That is, the
'alif
will be changed to
yaa'<.
Particle:
'ilaa إِلَىْ= to
Meaning
Example
To
me
'ilay-y(a)
إِلَيَّ
To
you
(sing. masc.)
'ilay-k(a)
إِلَيْكَ
To
you
(sing. fem.)
'ilay-k(i)
إِلَيْكِ
To
him
'ilay-h(i)
إِلَيْهِ
To
her
'ilay-haa
إِلَيْهَاْ
To
them
(dual)
'ilay-kumaa
إِلَيْكُمَاْ
To
them
(dual)
'ilay-himaa
إِلَيْهِمَاْ
To
us
'ilay-naa
إِلَيْنَاْ
To
you
(plu. masc.)
'ilay-kum
إِلَيْكُمْ
To
you
(plu. fem.)
'ilay-kunn(a)
إِلَيْكُنَّ
To
them
(plu. masc.)
'ilay-him
إِلَيْهِمْ
To
them
(plu. fem.)
'ilay-hinn(a)
إِلَيْهِنَّ
Particle:
"alaa عَلَىْ= on
Meaning
Example
On me
"alay-y(a)
عَلَيَّ
On you (sing. masc.)
"alay-k(a)
عَلَيْكَ
On you (sing. fem.)
"alay-k(i)
عَلَيْكِ
On him
"alay-h(i)
عَلَيْهِ
On her
"alay-haa
عَلَيْهَاْ
On them (dual)
"alay-kumaa
عَلَيْكُمَاْ
On them (dual)
"alay-himaa
عَلَيْهِمَاْ
On us
"alay-naa
عَلَيْنَاْ
On you (plu. masc.)
"alay-kum
عَلَيْكُمْ
On you (plu. fem.)
"alay-kunn(a)
عَلَيْكُنَّ
On them (plu. masc.)
"alay-him
عَلَيْهِمْ
On them (plu. fem.)
"alay-hinn(a)
عَلَيْهِنَّ
The last
Arabic particle that can be attached to pronouns is
li-لِـ.
This particle
will be changed to
la- لَـ
when attached to object pronouns.
Particle:
li-لِـ=
for / to
Meaning
Example
for / to me
l-ee
لِيْ
for / to you (sing. masc.)
la-k(a)
لَكَ
for / to you (sing. fem.)
la-k(i)
لَكِ
for / to him
la-h(u)
لَهُ
for / to her
la-haa
لَهَاْ
for / to them (dual)
la-kumaa
لَكُمَاْ
for / to them (dual)
la-humaa
لَهُمَاْ
for / to us
la-naa
لَنَاْ
for / to you (plu. masc.)
la-kum
لَكُمْ
for / to you (plu. fem.)
la-kunn(a)
لَكُنَّ
for / to them (plu. masc.)
la-hum
لَهُمْ
for / to them (plu. fem.)
la-hunn(a)
لَهُنَّ
Why so many
variations in pronouns?
This is
because Classical Arabic was made out of many different dialects of Arabic
which were all spoken in pre-Islamic Arabia. The irregularities seen with
pronouns reflect the differences that existed between those dialects.
The
differences can still be seen today in the spoken dialects of Arabic,
whose diversity was primarily determined by the diversity of the dialects
of old Arab tribes.
