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Mood Signs

Irregular verbs in general take the mood-signs regularly. Nonetheless, defective verbs are irregular when it comes to mood-signs, and hollow verbs require one alteration when they are in the jussive mood. It should be remembered that the plural feminine conjugations are always built words and will not undergo mood inflection.

The possible mood signs for verbs are:

Mood Signs for Imperfective Verbs عَلامَاْتُ الإِعْرَاْبِ لِلأَفْعَاْلِ الْمُضَاْرِعَةِ
Indicative	Apparent u	damma(tun) zaahira(tun)	ضَمَّةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
	Estimated u	fatha(tun) zaahira(tun)	ضَمَّةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ
	presence of noon	thuboot(u) ('a)n-noon(i)	ثُبُوْتُ الْنُّوْنِ
Subjunctive	Apparent a	fatha(tun) zaahira(tun)	فَتْحَةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
	Estimated a	fatha(tun) muqaddara(tun)	فَتْحَةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ
	Omission of noon	hathf(u) ('a)n-noon(i)	حَذْفُ الْنُّوْنِ
Jussive	No vowel (stillness)	('a)s-sukoon(u)	الْسُّكُوْنُ
	Omission of the weak letter	hathf(u) harf(i) ('a)l-"illa(ti)	حَذْفُ حَرْفِ الْعِلَّةِ
	Omission of noon	hathf(u) ('a)n-noon(i)	حَذْفُ الْنُّوْنِ

All verbs will have regular signs except for the defective and hollow verbs.

Defective Verbs

Defective verbs النَاْقِصُ are verbs whose last original letter is a weak letter. The imperfective of a defective root will end in a weak letter.

Altering the mood sign will not be an issue for the "five verbs" الأَفْعَاْلُ الخَمْسَة , because it is simply either to keep or remove the last noon ن . The problem would be, however, when adding a short vowel mood sign (a move) to a long vowel final letter, which is the case for the rest of the verbs other than the five verbs.

1.Signs of the indicative mood عَلامَاْتُ الْرَفْعِ

Regular signs:

Verbs other than the "five verbs" : apparent u ضَمَّةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
The "five verbs" : presence of noon ثُبُوْتُ الْنُوْنِ ن

Defective verbs other than the five verbs will have the following endings:

Indicative
Mood sign	Ending		Example
Estimated u ضَمَّةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ	-aa	ـَىْ	يَرَىْ
			(he) sees
	-oo	ـُوْ	يَدْعُوْ
			(he) calls
	-ee	ـِيْ	يَأْتِيْ
			(he) comes

2.Signs of the subjunctive mood عَلامَاْتُ النَصْبِ

Regular signs:

Verbs other than the "five verbs" : apparent a فَتْحَةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ
The "five verbs" : omission of noon حَذْفُ الْنُوْنِ ن

Endings of defective verbs other than the five verbs will be:

Subjunctive
Mood sign	Ending		Example
Estimated a فَتْحَةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ	-aa	ـَىْ	يَرَىْ
			(he) see
Apparent a فَتْحَةٌ ظَاْهِرَةٌ	-uwa	ـُوَ	يَدْعُوَ
			(he) call
	-iya	ـِيَ	يَأْتِيَ
			(he) come

3.Signs of the jussive mood عَلامَاْتُ الجَزْمِ

Regular signs:

Verbs other than the "five verbs" : no vowel (stillness) السُكُوْن
The "five verbs" : omission of noon حَذْفُ الْنُوْنِ ن

Endings of defective verbs other than the five verbs:

Jussive
Mood sign	Ending		Example
Omission of the weak letter حَذْفُ حَرْفِ الْعِلَّةِ	-a--	---َ	يَرَ
			(he) see
	-u--	---ُ	يَدْعُ
			(he) call
	-i--	---ِ	يَأْتِ
			(he) come

The long vowels were omitted and replaced with the corresponding short vowel.

Example: ( أَتَىْ 'ataa = came (to)). The root is : أ ت ي T Y '

	المُضَاْرِعُ المَجْزُوْم Imperfective (jussive)o // أَتَىْ
S I N G U L A R	(I) come	'aati	آتِ
	(You) come (masc.)	ta'<ti	تَأْتِ
	(You) come (fem.)	ta'<tee	تَأَتِيْ
	(He) come	ya'<ti	يَأْتِ
	(She) come	ta'<ti	تَأْتِ
D U A L	(You) come	ta'<tiyaa	تَأْتِيَاْ
	(They) come (masc.)	ya'<tiyaa	يَأْتِيَاْ
	(They) come (fem.)	ta'<tiyaa	تَأْتِيَاْ
P L U R A L	(We) come (dual / plu.)	na'<ti	نَأْتِ
	(You) come (masc.)	ta'<too	تََأْتُوْا
	(You) come (fem.)	ta'<teen(a)	تَأْتِيْنَ
	(They) come (masc.)	ya'<too	يَأْتُوْا
	(They) come (fem.)	ta'<teen(a)	تَأْتِيْنَ

Hollow Verbs

Hollow verbs الأَجْوَفُ are verbs that have a weak letter as the second original letter. Hollow verbs act perfectly normal in terms of mood signs. However, there is one change that should be applied to these verbs when they are in the jussive mood; the middle weak letter must be omitted.

Examples:

Jussive		Indicative
yaqul	يَقُلْ	yaqool(u)	يَقُوْلُ
yabi"	يَبِعْ	yabee"(u)	يَبِيْعُ
yanam	يَنَمْ	yanaam(u)	يَنَاْمُ

However, this change will spare the "five verbs." These will retain the middle weak letter.

Example: ( كَاْنَ kaan(a) = was). The root is : ك و ن K W N

	المُضَاْرِعُ المَجْزُوْم Imperfective (jussive)o // كَاْنَ
S I N G U L A R	(I) be	'akun	أَكُنْ
	(You) be (masc.)	takun	تَكُنْ
	(You) be (fem.)	takoonee	تَكُوْنِيْ
	(He) be	yakun	يَكُنْ
	(She) be	takun	تَكُنْ
D U A L	(You) be	takoonaa	تَكُوْنَاْ
	(They) be (masc.)	yakoonaa	يَكُوْنَاْ
	(They) be (fem.)	takoonaa	تَكُوْنَاْ
P L U R A L	(We) be (dual / plu.)	nakun	نَكُنْ
	(You) be (masc.)	takoonoo	تَكُوْنُوْا
	(You) be (fem.)	takunn(a)	تَكُنَّ
	(They) be (masc.)	yakoonoo	يَكُوْنُوْا
	(They) be (fem.)	takunn(a)	تُكُنَّ