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Demonstratives (continued)

3. Far Demonstratives

Far demonstratives contain a letter laam ل that is called "laam of distance" لامُ الْبُعْدِ.

For demonstratives to contain this laam, they must also contain the previously described "vocative kaaf" كَاْفُ الْخِطَاْبِ of middle demonstratives.

The laam of distance can be attached only to three of the basic demonstratives, thus there are only three far demonstratives in Arabic.

Far Demonstratives أَسْمَاْءُ الإِشَاْرَةِ مَعَ كَاْفِ الْخِطَاْبِ وَلامِ الْبُعْدِ
That (masc. sing.)	thaalik(a)	ذَلِكَ
That (fem. sing.)	tilk(a)	تِلْكَ
Those (plu.)	'ulaalik(a)	أُولالِكَ

The "vocative kaaf" in these demonstratives will be changeable according to which person is being addressed, like we explained before.

Masc. Sing. Far Demonstrative "That"
Addressing masc. sing.	thaalik(a)	ذَلِكَ
Addressing fem. sing.	thaalik(i)	ذَلِكِ
Addressing dual	thaalikumaa	ذَلِكُمَاْ
Addressing masc. plu.	thaalikum	ذَلِكُمْ
Addressing fem. plu.	thaalikunn(a)	ذَلِكُنَّ

Fem. Sing. Far Demonstrative "That"
Addressing masc. sing.	tilk(a)	تِلْكَ
Addressing fem. sing.	tilk(i)	تِلْكِ
Addressing dual	tilkumaa	تِلْكُمَاْ
Addressing masc. plu.	tilkum	تِلْكُمْ
Addressing fem. plu.	tilkunn(a)	تِلْكُنَّ

Plu. Far Demonstrative "Those"
Addressing masc. sing.	'ulaalik(a)	أُولالِكَ
Addressing fem. sing.	'ulaalik(i)	أُولالِكِ
Addressing dual	'ulaalikumaa	أُولالِكُمَاْ
Addressing masc. plu.	'ulaalikum	أُولالِكُمْ
Addressing fem. plu.	'ulaalikunn(a)	أُولالِكُنَّ

The far demonstrative أُولالِكَ is not usually used in Modern Standard Arabic. When translating the English plural far demonstrative "those" to Arabic, it is usual to use the middle demonstrative أُولائِكَ . This is, of course, only when the plural demonstrative (whether near or far) refers to persons but not to objects. Objects will be referred to by feminine singular demonstratives. This was mentioned in the section on plural types.

So the final forms for far demonstratives will be:

That (masc. sing.)	thaalik(a)	ذَلِكَ
That (fem. sing.)	tilk(a)	تِلْكَ
Those	'ulaa'ik(a)	أُولَئِكَ

Example:

ذَلِكَ مُحَمَّدٌ

thaalik(a) muhammad(un)

= That (is) Muhammad

Translation: that is Muhammad

تِلْكَ هِيَ الْحَقِيْقَةُ

tilk(a) hiy(a) ('a)l-haqeeqa(tu)

= that she (is) the truth (fem.)

Translation: that is the truth

hiy(a) was necessary here to distinguish the phrase from "that truth."

أُولَئِكَ هُمْ أَصْدِقَاْئِيْ

'ulaa'ik(a) hum 'asdiqaa'-ee

= these/those they (are) (the) friends (of) me

Translation: these/those are my friends

hum was not necessary here.

أُولَئِكَ أَصْدِقَاْئِيْ

'ulaa'ik(a) 'asdiqaa'-ee

= these/those (are) (the) friends (of) me

Translation: these/those are my friends

تِلْكَ الْمُوْسِيْقَىْ جَمِيْلَةٌ

tilk(a) ('a)l-mooseeqaa jameela(tun)

= that the music (is) nice

Translation: that music is nice

تِلْكَ هِيَ الْمُوْسِيْقَىْ الْجَمِيْلَةُ

tilk(a) hiy(a) ('a)l-mooseeqaa ('a)l-jameela(tu)

= that she (is) the music the nice

Translation: that is the nice music

Some combinations involving demonstratives:

Therefore This is why	li-haathaa = for this	لِهَذَاْ
Therefore This is why	li-thaalik(a) = for that	لِذَلِكَ
Nevertheless Even with that	ma"(a) haathaa = with this	مَعَ هَذَاْ
Nevertheless Even with that	ma"(a) thaalik(a) = with that	مَعَ ذَلِكَ

دَرَسَ وَلِهَذَاْ نَجَحَ

daras(a) wa-li-haathaa najah(a)

= (he) studied and for this (he) succeeded

Translation: he studied, therefore he passed

مَاْ دَرَسَ وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ نَجَحَ !

maa daras(a) wa-ma"(a) thaalik(a) najah(a)

= not (he) studied and with that (he) succeeded

Translation: he didn't study but still he passed!

Other combinations:

ka-haathaa = like this	كَهَذَاْ
ka-thaalik(a) = like that	كَذَلِكَ
bi-haathaa = by this	بِهَذَاْ
bi-thaalik(a) = by that	بِذَلِكَ

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