|
ARABIC ONLINE اللّغة العربيّة | ||||||||||||||
|
Sound Masculine Plural Nouns Irregular Perfective Conjugation Irregular Imperfective Conjugation Inactive Particles Vocative Particles Praise & Disparagement Participle-like Adjectives Place-nouns Tool-nouns Diminutives
Add your comments to t
IMPORTANT NOTICE I have nothing to do with adds that appear on this website. I don't sell books, courses, lessons, or anything. This website is being transferred to another domain.
© Hani Deek 2005-2018. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this website's content without express and written permission from this websites author is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Hani Deek with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
|
Verb-Like Particles (continued) Hoping & Whishing The remaining two verb-like particles are:
la"all(a) لَعَلَّ or "all(a) عَلَّ A commonly used verb-like particle, la"all(a) indicates the hope as well as the expectation of the speaker about something. Sometimes it indicates the mere expectation (including bad expectations). la"all(a) is used only with nominal sentences, and the subject of the sentence will be in the accusative case just like for the rest of verb-like particles. Examples: لَعَلَّ رِيْمَاْ تَأْتِيْ غَدًا la"all(a) reemaa ta'<tee rada(n) = it is hoped that Rima come tomorrow Translation: I hope Rima will come tomorrow
لَعَلَّ الْمَرِيْضَ قَدْ مَاْتَ la"all(a) ('a)l-mareed(a) qad maat(a) = maybe the patient has died Translation: maybe the patient has died
عَلَّ الْمَرِيْضَ قَدْ مَاْتَ "all(a) ('a)l-mareed(a) qad maat(a) = maybe the patient has died Translation: maybe the patient has died
لَعَلَّهَاْ تُمْطِرُ الْيَوْمَ la"alla-haa tumter(u) ('a)l-yawm(a) = it is hoped that her will rain today Translation: I hope it will rain today
layt(a) لَيْتَ layt(a) is also a commonly used word. It indicates that the speaker is whishing that what he says happen or be true. layt(a) works just like the other verb-like particles as far as grammar is concerned. Examples: لَيْتََ الشَّبَاْبَ يَعُوْدُ يَوْمًا layta ('a)sh-shabaab(a) ya"ood(u) yawma(n) = it is wished that the youth returns a day Translation: I wish if I be young again one day
لَيْتَنِيْ كُنْتُ هُنَاْكَ layta-nee kunt(u) hunaak(a) = it is wished that me was there Translation: I wish I was there
Verb-Like Particles + maa Verb-like particles can be used regularly with nominal sentences that begin with relative pronouns such as that, who, what, etc. Example from classical poetry, the poet is showing pride of his people: إِنَّ الَّذِيْ سَمَكَ الْسَّمَاْءَ بَنَىْ لَنَاْ بَيْتًاْ دَعَاْئِمُهُ أَعَزُّ وَأَطْوَلُ 'inna ('a)l-lathee samak(a) ('a)s-samaa'(a) banaa la-na bayta(n) da"aa'imu-h(u) 'a"azz(u) wa-'atwal(u) = it is true that who raised the heaven built for us a house (the) foundations (of) him (are) more excellent and taller Translation: he who raised the heaven has built for us a house, the foundations of which are higher and more excellent 'al-lathee is a general relative pronoun that can mean who, whom, or which. Example on other relative pronouns: إِنَّ مَنْ فَعَلَ هَذَاْ قَدْ أَصَاْبَ 'inna man fa"al(a) haathaa qad 'asaab(a) = truthfully who did this has done right Translation: he who did this has done right
إِنَّ مَاْ تَفْعَلُهُ هُوَ الصَّوَاْبُ 'inna maa taf"alu-h(u) huw(a) ('a)s-sawaab(u) = truthfully what (you) are doing he (is) the right (thing) Translation: what you're doing is the right thing
Now to the main point, verb-like particles can be combined with the relative pronoun maa = "what" to give a single word with a reduced meaning.
Verb-like particles plus maa were so commonly used in classical Arabic that they lost their primary meanings and became just emphatic versions of the bare verb-like particles. Verb-like particles plus maa will have no effect what so ever on the case-declensions in the following sentence, regardless of the syntax. Moreover, VLP plus maa will be used with verbal sentences just like with nominal sentences. maa is this case is called in Arabic "inactivating maa" مَاْ الْكَاْفَّةُ . Examples: إِنَّمَاْ هُوَ إِلَهٌ وَاْحِدٌ 'inna-maa huw(a) 'ilaah(un) waahid(un) = truthfully what he (is) (is) a god a one → truthfully he (is) a god a one Translation: he is only one God
إِنَّمَاْ تَقُوْلُ الْحَقَّ 'inna-maa taqool(u) ('a)l-haqq(a) = truthfully what (you) say (is) the truth → truthfully (you) say the truth Translation: what you say is nothing but the truth
كَأَنَّمَاْ وَجْهُهَاْ الْبَدْرُ ka'anna-maa wajhu-haa ('a)l-badr(u) = it is like that what (the) face (of) her (is) (is) the full moon → it is like that (the) face (of) her (is) the full moon Translation: her face is like the full moon (beautiful)
لَعَلَّمَاْ يُشْفَىْ الْمَرِيْضُ la"alla-maa yushfaa ('a)l-mareed(u) = it is hoped that what (he) be healed (is) the patient = it is hoped that (he) be healed the patient Translation: I hope the patient will get well
|
