|
ARABIC ONLINE اللّغة العربيّة |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sound Masculine Plural Nouns Irregular Perfective Conjugation Irregular Imperfective Conjugation Inactive Particles Vocative Particles Praise & Disparagement Participle-like Adjectives Place-nouns Tool-nouns Diminutives
Add your comments to t
IMPORTANT NOTICE I have nothing to do with adds that appear on this website. I don't sell books, courses, lessons, or anything. This website is being transferred to another domain.
© Hani Deek 2005-2018. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this website's content without express and written permission from this websites author is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Hani Deek with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
|
Pronouns (continued)
4. Attached Object Pronouns These are the object pronouns that are used most often. They can serve both as direct and indirect object pronouns.
Although it does not really have any practical implication, it should be said (for the sake of perfection) that the attached object pronouns are only the letters colored in blue, whereas the rest are just markers. Here are the names of the pronouns:
I. Direct Object
This is often when the attached object pronoun is attached to verbs. Examples: أُحِبُّكِ 'auhibbu-k(i) = (I) love you (sing. fem.) Translation: I love you
أُحِبُّكَ 'auhibbu-k(a) = (I) love you (sing. masc.) Translation: I love you
فَعَلَهَاْ fa"ala-haa = (He) did her Translation: he did it
سَأُعَلِّمُهُ sa-'u"allimu-h(u) = (I) will teach him Translation: I will teach him
نَعْرِفُهُمْ na"rifu-hum = (we) know them (plu. masc.) Translation: we know them
قَاْلَتَاْهَاْ qaalataa-haa = (they dual fem.) said her Translation: they said it
A noon ن will be prefixed to the attached first person singular object pronoun -ee ـِيْ to become -nee ـنِيْ in the following situations:
This noon ن is called the "noon of protection" نُوْنُ الْوِقَاْيَةِ . Examples: سَاْعِدُوْنِيْ ! saa"idoo-nee = (you plu. masc.) help me Translation: help me!
سَيَعْرِفْنَنِيْ sa-ya"rifna-nee = (they plu. fem.) will know me Translation: they will know me
An additional waaw و will also be prefixed to the same pronoun when it is attached to a 2nd person masculine plural perfective verb. So the -ee pronoun will become here -oonee. رَأَيْتُمُوْنِيْ ra'aytum-oonee = (you plu. masc.) saw me Translation: you saw me
Another changeable pronouns are the 3rd person pronouns. Most Arabs of ancient times didn't like the following combinations of sounds: i-hu ee-hu ay-hu When these combinations occur, the hu of the attached pronoun will be changed to hi. Another way to say this is that the hu will become hi if the pronoun was precede by a short vowel i or a consonant letter yaa'< y. Examples: أَعْطِهِ 'a"ti-h(i) = (you sing. masc.) give him Translation: give him
أَعْطِيْهِمْ 'a"tee-him = (you sing. fem.) give them (plu. masc.) Translation: give them
يُرِيْهِنَّ yuree-hinn(a) = (he) shows them (plu. fem.) Translation: he shows them
The attached object pronouns will also be in the direct object ('an-nasb) case when they are attached to the verb-like particles الأَحْرُفُ الْمُشَبَّهَةُ بِالْفِعْلِ. One of the reasons that these particles were designated like that is because they can be attached to object pronouns. Examples: لَيْتَنِيْ كُنْتُ هُنَاْكَ layta-nee kunt(u) hunaak(a) = it is wished if me was there Translation: I wish if I were there layt(a)لَيْتَ is a verb-like particle that is used for whishing. Being verb-like, it takes the form -nee of the1st person singular attached object pronoun (me). The perfective verb kunt(u) كُنْتُ was used because perfective verbs in Arabic can be used as subjunctive verbs. This is similar to English where the past form is also the subjunctive. إِنَّهُ فِيْ الْدَّاْخِلِ 'inna-h(u) fee ('a)d-daakhil(i) = it is true that him in the inside Translation: he's inside
لَكِنَّكُنَّ قَدْ ذَهَبْتُنَّ laakinna-kunn(a) qad thahabtunn(a) = but you (plu. fem.) have gone Translation: but you've gone
لَعَلَّهَاْ تُمْطِرُ الْيَوْمَ la"alla-haa tumter(u) ('a)l-yawm(a) = it is hoped that her will rain today Translation: I hope it will rain today
As for the1st person singular attached object pronoun (me) and the verb-like particles, these particles can all take the two forms interchangeably, except for layt(a)لَيْتَ to which it is very recommended that it take the form -nee only.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
