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ARABIC ONLINE اللّغة العربيّة |
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Sound Masculine Plural Nouns Irregular Perfective Conjugation Irregular Imperfective Conjugation Inactive Particles Vocative Particles Praise & Disparagement Participle-like Adjectives Place-nouns Tool-nouns Diminutives
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Negation (continued) Present Tense Negative Sentences Maa مَاْ Although it is seldom used in formal Arabic, negative maa is the most commonly used negative particle in the modern spoken dialects of Arabic. The usual usage of this particle in classical Arabic is before perfective verbs, but it can also be used before imperfective verbs, even though this is a rather awkward usage in the formal language. هُوَ مَاْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا huw(a) maa ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = he not knows a thing Translation: HE doesn't know anything
مَاْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا maa ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = not (he) knows a thing Translation: he doesn't know anything
إِنَّهُ مَاْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا 'inna-h(u) maa ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = it is true that him not knows a thing Translation: he doesn't know anything
لَقَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّهُ مَاْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا la-qad 'akhbartu-k(a) 'anna-h(u) maa ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = (I) have told you that truthfully him not knows a thing Translation: I told you he doesn't know anything
Before Subjects
مَاْ أَحَدٌ هُنَاْ maa 'ahad(un) hunaa = not a one (is) here Translation: no one/nobody is here
مَاْ هُوَ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا maa huw(a) ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = not he knows a thing Translation: HE doesn't know anything
مَاْ أَحَدٌ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا maa 'ahad(un) ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = not a one knows a thing Translation: no one/nobody knows anything
Maa can also work like lays(a), that is, it will require an adverb in the accusative case to follow it. مَاْ هَذَاْ بَشَرًا maa haathaa bashara(n) = is/exists not this (as) a human Translation: this is not a human being
With transitive bi-: مَاْ هَذَاْ بِبَشَرٍ maa haathaa bi-bashar(in) = is/exists not this in (state of) a human Translation: this is not a human being
مَاْ هَذَاْ بِالْبَشَرِ maa haathaa bi-l-bashar(i) = is/exists not this in (state of) the human Translation: this is not a human being
'in إِنْ The last one of the negative particles in the present tense, 'in (Hebrew אין) was an important negative word in classical Arabic, but not as much in modern Arabic.
Before Verbs هُوَ إِنْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا huw(a) 'in ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = he not knows a thing Translation: HE doesn't know anything
إِنْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا 'in ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = not (he) knows a thing Translation: he doesn't know anything
إِنَّهُ إِنْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا 'inna-h(u) 'in ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = it is true that him not knows a thing Translation: he doesn't know anything
لَقَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّهُ إِنْ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا la-qad 'akhbartu-k(a) 'anna-h(u) 'in ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = (I) have told you that truthfully him not knows a thing Translation: I told you he doesn't know anything
Before Subjects
إِنْ أَحَدٌ هُنَاْ 'in 'ahad(un) hunaa = not a one (is) here Translation: no one/nobody is here
إِنْ هُوَ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا 'in huw(a) ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = not he knows a thing Translation: HE doesn't know anything
إِنْ أَحَدٌ يَعْرِفُ شَيْئًا 'in 'ahad(un) ya"rif(u) shay'a(n) = not a one knows a thing Translation: no one/nobody knows anything
Like laa and maa, Arabs also used 'in in the same way as lays(a) (with an adverb in the accusative case following the subject). إِنْ هَذَاْ بَشَرًا 'in haathaa bashara(n) = is/exists not this (as) a human Translation: this is not a human being
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