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ARABIC ONLINE اللّغة العربيّة |
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Sound Masculine Plural Nouns Irregular Perfective Conjugation Irregular Imperfective Conjugation Inactive Particles Vocative Particles Praise & Disparagement Participle-like Adjectives Place-nouns Tool-nouns Diminutives
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Arabic Names (continued) Surnames
Classical Arabs had a standard way of naming themselves: Paternal cognomen--Given name--Patronymic name--Tribe/clan attributive name E.g. a man named Sa"eed سَعِيْدٌ, his eldest son is Taalib طَاْلِبٌ. His father is Hishaam هِشَاْمٌ, his grandfather is Ziyaad زِيَاْدٌ , and he belongs to the tribe of Tameem تَمِيْمٌ . His name would be: أَبُوْ طَاْلِبٍ سَعِيْدٌ بْنُ هِشَاْمٍ بْنُ زِيَاْدٍ التَّمِيْمِيُّ 'aboo taalib(in) saa"eed(un) ('i)bn(u) hishaam(in) ('i)bn(u) ziyyad(in) ('a)t-tameemiyy(u) (The) father (of) Talib, Sa'id, (the) son (of) Hisham, (the) son (of) Ziyad, the Tamimi
A shortened version: أَبُوْ طَاْلِبٍ التَّمِيْمِيُّ 'aboo taalib(in) ('a)t-tameemiyy(u) (The) father (of) Talib the Tamimi
The word اِبْنُ 'ibn(u) = "(the) son (of)" will be written without the first hamza(t) when it comes between two proper names, and this is the only case in which this is allowed. In women's names, the word bint(u) بِنْتُ = "(the) daughter (of)" would be used instead of 'ibn(u).
The surnames of free people in Arabia always referred to the tribe or the clan a person belonged to. This continues to be the case for many Arabs today, especially in Arabia and Iraq.
However, what happens if the father of some man was not known? A prominent man in Islamic history called Ziyad didn't have a known father, so he was named "Ziyad the son of his father" زِيَاْدُ بْنُ أَبِيْهِ .
Another kind of surnames are ones that refer to different countries, regions, or cities. Examples of surnames of this kind:
There are people today who carry patronymic names as surnames but not any specific titles. This is found mostly in Egypt (e.g. Ahmed (son of) Muhammad). Many modern surnames refer to good qualities. Other surnames also refer to not as good qualities.
Many surnames, especially in regions such as Levant, refer to professions.
Many surnames, especially in Levant and North Africa, refer to bodily characteristics.
*The word 'aboo or boo is used in modern colloquial Arabic with the same meaning of the classical thoo = "(the) possessor (of)." Some surnames, mainly in Levant, are names of plants, animals, food, objects, etc.
Many surnames derive from foreign origins. Names from indigenous languages in Arab countries include names derived from Syriac, Coptic, Berber, and African languages. Many names also derive from Persian, Turkish, Kurdish, etc.
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