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Meanings of Verb Forms

Triliteral Roots

 

Form XI

 

Form XI of Arabic Verbs

(Active Voice)

Stative

 

(He) was/became color/bodily defect

'if"aall(a)

intr.

اِفْعَاْلَّ

This form is similar to form IX. It denotes color change or bodily defect of the subject.

 

Examples:

 

Form XI

Color

'ihmaarr(a)

اِحْمَاْرَّ

'ahmar(u)

أَحْمَرُ

(he) was/became red(der)

a red (masc., adj.)

'iswaadd(a)

اِسْوَاْدَّ

'aswad(u)

أَسْوَدُ

(he) was/became black(er)

a black (masc., adj.)

 

Form IX

Bodily Defect

'i"waarr(a)

اِعْوَاْرَّ

'a"war(u)

أَعْوَرُ

(he) became one-eyed

a one-eyed (masc., adj.)

'i"raajj(a)

اِعْرَاْجَّ

'a"raj(u)

أَعْرَجُ

(he) became lame

a lame (masc., adj.)

 

 

Form XII

 

Form XII of Arabic Verbs

(Active Voice)

Stative

 

(He) was/became something

'if"aw"al(a)

tr./intr.

اِفْعَوْعَلَ

This form has a somewhat emphatic meaning.

Examples:

Form XII

Form I

'irrawraq(a)

اِغْرَوْرَقَ

rariq(a)

غَرِقَ

(he) became (more) drenched

(he) drowned

(he) became drenched

'ikhshawshan(a)

اِخْشَوْشَنَ

khashun(a)

خَشُنَ

(he) roughened (more)

(he) roughed (intr.)

'i"shawshab(a)

اِعْشَوْشَبَ

"ashib(a)

عَشِبَ

(he) became grassy(er)

(he) became grassy, green

'ihlawlaa

اِحْلَوْلَىْ

halaa

حَلا

(he) became sweet(er)

→ (he) thought (something) to be sweet (tr.)

(he) was/became sweet

 

 

Form XIII

 

Form XIII of Arabic Verbs

(Active Voice)

Stative

 

(He) was/became something

'if"awwal(a)

intr.

اِفْعَوَّلَ

This is a very rare form.

Example:

Form XIII

Form I

'ijlawwath(a)

اِجْلَوَّذَ

jal?th(a)

جَلذَ

(he, a horse) galloped

(he, a horse) galloped

'i"lawwat(a)

اِعْلَوَّطَ

"alat(a)

عَلَطَ

(he) hanged on the neck of (a camel)

(he) looped the neck of (a camel)

 

 

Form XIV

 

Form XIV of Arabic Verbs

(Active Voice)

Reflexive

 

(He) did himself

'if"anlal(a)

intr.

اِفْعَنْلَلَ

Agentless Passive

 

(He) was/became done

Extremely obsolete form.

Examples:

Form XIV

Form I

'iq"ansas(a)

اِقْعَنْسَسَ

qa"as(a)

قَعِسَ

(he) had a back that is bent backwards (the opposite of a hunchback)

(he) bent

'iq"andad(a)

اِقْعَنْدَدَ

qa"ad(a)

قَعَدَ

(he) resided (intr.)

(he) sat

'ishankak(a)

اِسْحَنْكَكَ

sahak(a)

سَحَكَ

(he) became very dark

(he) crushed ?

 

 

Form XV

 

Form XV of Arabic Verbs

(Active Voice)

Stative

 

(He) was/became something

'if"anlaa

tr./intr.

اِفْعَنْلَىْ

Primarily intransitive.

Examples:

Form XV

Form I

'ihranbaa

اِحْرَنْبَىْ

harib(a)

حَرِبَ

(he) became very furious (intr.)

(he) became furious

'irrandaa

اِغْرَنْدَىْ

rarid(a)

غَرِدَ

(he) cursed and hit (tr.)

(he) warbled

 

 

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